Political tensions in the Middle East continue to experience complex dynamics, triggered by various internal and external factors. Prolonged conflicts such as those in Syria, Yemen and Palestine play a key role in creating tensions in the region. The intervention of large countries, such as the United States and Russia, as well as the role of regional actors such as Iran and Saudi Arabia, further adds to the complexity of the political situation. Syria remains in the spotlight. Since the start of the civil war in 2011, the country has been a battleground between various forces. Government forces backed by Russia are fighting opposition groups and ISIS, while Kurdish forces hold strategic territory. In this context, political alliances are constantly changing. Meanwhile, Yemen is caught in a civil war sparked by conflict between the internationally recognized government and the Iran-backed Houthi movement. The blockade imposed by the Saudi Arabian-led coalition continues to worsen the humanitarian situation in Yemen. Tensions between Iran and Saudi Arabia also cast a shadow over Middle Eastern geopolitics. Proxy wars in several countries, including Iraq and Syria, show how deeply sectarian rivalries can affect regional stability. In this context, the restoration of diplomatic relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran could be a starting point for reducing tensions, although many challenges remain ahead. In Palestine, the long-standing conflict continues with new violence frequently emerging. The situation in the Gaza Strip and West Bank remains tense, with periodic military interventions and inter-group fighting. The United States’ decision to move its embassy to Jerusalem increased discontent among Palestinians and other Muslim countries, damaging prospects for peace. From an economic perspective, oil revenues are still the main driver for many countries in the region. The global economic crisis following the COVID-19 pandemic adds new challenges for oil-producing countries, which depend on oil price stability. Additionally, climate change and political uncertainty can affect global energy security, further impacting political dynamics. Recent developments also include the impact of technology and social media, which have changed the way society engages in politics. The protest movement in Iran shows that people’s voices can influence government policy. Disinformation and propaganda on social media also play a role in shaping public opinion and increasing tensions between groups. A multilateral approach is increasingly needed to improve relations between countries in this region. Dialogue and negotiations must be a priority, considering that prolonged conflict has harmed regional stability and security. Through constructive collaboration, countries in the Middle East can create a more peaceful and prosperous environment for all.